ABSTRACT
Introducción: La violencia de pareja (VP) perpetrada y sufrida es un problema de salud pública mundial. Una de las variables asociadas más estudiadas ha sido la victimización infantil-juvenil (VI). Objetivo: Analizar el rol de la VI en la VP en población general de Argentina, considerando a las modalidades específicas de violencias tanto sufridas, como ejercidas, y a posibles diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Método: Se encuestó a 243 adultos de Argentina. Se evaluaron sus datos sociodemográficos, la VI y la VP perpetrada y sufrida en la adultez, mediante el Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) y la Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). Se llevaron a cabo análisis bivariados y multivariados para calcular asociaciones entre las variables. Resultados: Un 99% de la muestra total indicó haber sufrido al menos un acto de VI, sin diferencias entre los sexos. En cuanto a la VP perpetrada y sufrida, ambos sexos presentaron prevalencias similares, con la única excepción de la violencia sexual perpetrada, significativamente mayor en varones (41.70%) que en mujeres (19.10%). Las asociaciones registradas entre VI y VP fueron específicas. Conclusiones: Las asociaciones sugieren que determinados tipos de VI constituyen un factor de riesgo para ciertos tipos de VP en la adultez. Se discuten las implicancias de los hallazgos para la prevención y la investigación.
Introduction: Perpetrated and experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem. One of the most studied associated variables has been child-juvenile victimization (CV). Objective: To analyze the role of IPV in IPV in the general population of Argentina, considering the specific modalities of violence both suffered and perpetrated, and possible differences between men and women. Method: We surveyed 243 adults in Argentina. Their sociodemographic data, the VI and the VP perpetrated and suffered in adulthood were assessed by means of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to calculate associations between variables. Results: 99% of the total sample indicated having suffered at least one act of VI, with no differences between sexes. Regarding perpetrated and suffered PV, both sexes presented similar prevalences, with the only exception of perpetrated sexual violence, which was significantly higher in males (41.70%) than in females (19.10%). The associations recorded between VI and VP were specific. Conclusions: The associations suggest that certain types of VI constitute a risk factor for certain types of VP in adulthood. Implications of the findings for prevention and research are discussed.
Introdução: A violência do parceiro íntimo (IPV) perpetrada e vivenciada é um problema de saúde pública global. Uma das variáveis associadas mais estudadas tem sido a vitimização de crianças e adolescentes (CV). Objetivo: Analisar o papel do IPV na população geral da Argentina, considerando as modalidades específicas de violência tanto sofridas como perpetradas, e as possíveis diferenças entre homens e mulheres. Método: 243 adultos na Argentina foram pesquisados. Seus dados sociodemográficos, VI, e a violência perpetrada e sofrida na vida adulta foram avaliados utilizando o Questionário de Vitimização Juvenil (JVQ) e a Escala de Táticas de Conflito (CTS2). Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e multivariadas para estimar associações entre as variáveis. Resultados: 99% da amostra total relatou ter experimentado pelo menos um ato de VA, sem diferenças de gênero. Em termos de IPV perpetrado e experimentado, ambos os sexos mostraram prevalências semelhantes, com a única exceção da violência sexual perpetrada, que foi significativamente maior nos homens (41,70%) do que nas mulheres (19,10%). As associações registradas entre VI e VP foram específicas. Conclusões: As associações sugerem que certos tipos de VI são um fator de risco para certos tipos de IPV na vida adulta. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados para a prevenção e a pesquisa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Intimate Partner Violence , Argentina , Violence , Crime VictimsABSTRACT
La Teoría del Sexismo Ambivalente propone que el sexismo es un constructo multidimensional compuesto por dos tipos de creencias sexistas, unas de carácter hostil y otras de tipo benevolente. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la estructura factorial del instrumento derivado de esta teoría, su invarianza factorial entre géneros y su relación con la violencia de pareja. Mediante un formulario en internet, 745 participantes de ambos sexos de población general de Argentina, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 45 años, respondieron el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA) (Glick & Fiske, 1996). El ISA demostró puntuaciones y una estructura factorial invariantes entre hombres y mujeres. La relación entre las puntuaciones en el ISA y la violencia de pareja varió en función del tipo de violencia considerado (amenazas vs. violencia física) y el género del miembro de la pareja. Las puntuaciones en Sexismo Hostil fueron mayores en las mujeres que ejercieron violencia física comparadas con otras mujeres, pero no en los hombres. También fueron superiores en quienes sufrieron esta conducta, tanto hombres como mujeres. Se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados a la luz de estudios previos que emplean el ISA, principalmente en población de habla hispana.
The Ambivalent Sexism Theory proposes that sexism is a multidimensional construct composed of two types of sexist beliefs, on the one hand, hostile and, on the other hand, benevolent. The first refers to negative attitudes towards women as weak and inferior to men, and the second refers to the set of sexist attitudes towards women considering them stereotyped and limited to certain roles (i.e. mother, wife, and housewife). The main objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and factorial invariance by gender of the instrument derived from this theory and its concurrent validity with a measure of intimate partner physical violence. Another objective of the study was to establish comparisons in ISA scores by gender and cross-culturally. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) (Glick & Fiske, 1996) was answered through an online form by 745 participants of both sexes from an Argentinean general population sample aged between 18 and 45 years old. By means of a confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis the data in this sample showed a good adjustment to the ASI structure proposed by its authors, this is a one-dimensional factor (SH) and three subfactors (protective paternalism, complementary gender differentiation and heterosexual intimacy) that make up the second-order factor SB. This factorial structure remained invariant when discriminating between men and women. The correlation between both factors was robust and significant (r = .68) both in the general sample, and differentiating by gender. The reliability of the factors and subfactors was between a moderate and high level (α = .62 to .91). No significant differences were found between men and women in the mean scores of the ASI factors and subfactors. Approximately 1 in 3 subjects reported having perpetrated or suffered intimate partner physical violence. In general terms, those who have perpetrated or have suffered violence had higher scores in SH and SB that those who did not, but this effect was only significant in the case of women. The relationships found between ASI scores and intimate partner physical violence varied by gender and violence directionality (suffered or perpetrated). The ASI scores were lower in countries close to Argentina probably due to a sample mainly composed by young women with a high education level. Our results support the idea that ambivalent sexism is an invariable transcultural construct between men and women, and that the ISA is avalid and reliable measure in the Argentine population. The limitations of results are discussed and the implications are analyses in light of previous studies using the ASI, mainly in Spanish-speaking population.